Cancer surgery is a vital part of treatment for many types of cancer. For patients and their families, the word “surgery” often brings a mix of hope and fear. Understanding what happens before, during, and after cancer surgery can help ease anxiety, set clear expectations, and improve the overall recovery experience. In this blog, we walk you through the complete journey — from pre-operative preparation to post-surgery care.
Before Cancer Surgery: Preparing Mind and Body
Preparation is key to a successful surgical outcome. Once your surgical oncologist confirms that surgery is the right treatment, several steps will be taken to get you ready.
1. Pre-surgical Evaluation
You’ll undergo a series of tests, such as:
Blood work
Imaging scans (CT, MRI, PET)
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
Pulmonary function tests (if required)
These tests help your doctor understand your current health status and ensure you’re fit for surgery.
2. Discussion with the Surgical Oncologist
Your surgical oncologist will explain:
The type of surgery planned (e.g., tumor removal, biopsy, reconstruction)
Expected benefits and risks
Duration of hospital stay
Type of anesthesia to be used
Feel free to ask any questions—being informed helps reduce anxiety.
3. Lifestyle Preparation
You may be advised to:
Stop certain medications (like blood thinners)
Quit smoking (if applicable)
Maintain a healthy diet
Get adequate sleep and hydration
In some cases, patients may be advised to meet with a physiotherapist or a dietitian before surgery.
During Cancer Surgery: What Happens in the Operation Room
Cancer surgeries can range from minor to highly complex, depending on the tumor location, type, and stage. Some surgeries are done with open techniques, while others may use minimally invasive methods like laparoscopy or robotic surgery.
1. Admission and Anesthesia
You’ll be admitted to the hospital a day prior or on the day of surgery. An anesthesiologist will evaluate you and explain the type of anesthesia being used—either general or regional.
2. The Surgical Procedure
In the operation room:
You will be connected to monitors (heart rate, oxygen levels, etc.)
Anesthesia will be administered to ensure you don’t feel pain
The surgical oncologist and their team will perform the planned surgery, which may involve removing the tumor and surrounding tissues, lymph nodes, or organs (if necessary)
The duration of surgery depends on the complexity of the case. Once completed, you’ll be shifted to the recovery area.
After Cancer Surgery: Recovery and Healing
Recovery doesn’t end once the surgery is over. The post-operative phase is just as important for ensuring a successful treatment outcome.
1. Immediate Post-Operative Care
You’ll be monitored in the recovery room for a few hours. The care team will:
Monitor your vital signs
Manage pain with medications
Watch for signs of infection or complications
If the surgery was major, you may be shifted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) for close observation.
2. Hospital Stay
Your hospital stay may last from 1 to 10 days, depending on the type of surgery and how well your body responds. During this time, you’ll receive:
Intravenous fluids and medications
Wound care
Physical therapy (if needed)
The doctor will keep a check on your healing and decide when you are fit to go home.
3. Discharge and Home Care
Before discharge, you’ll receive:
Instructions on wound care
A list of medications
Dietary recommendations
Follow-up appointment dates
It’s normal to feel weak or tired initially. Rest, eat nutritious food, and avoid strenuous activities as advised.
Emotional Recovery: Don’t Ignore Your Mental Health
Undergoing cancer surgery is not just a physical event—it takes a toll emotionally. Anxiety, sadness, and fear are common. Don’t hesitate to seek support from:
Family and friends
Support groups
Onco-psychologists or counselors
Emotional recovery is as important as physical healing in your cancer journey.
Follow-up and Long-Term Monitoring
Surgery is often followed by additional treatments like chemotherapy, radiation, or immunotherapy. Your oncologist will design a personalized treatment plan after surgery, depending on:
Tumor type
Margins (whether the entire tumor was removed)
Lymph node involvement
Regular follow-ups and scans help monitor your recovery and check for recurrence.
Tips for a Smooth Recovery
Be patient with your body – Healing takes time.
Stay active (as permitted) – Gentle movement can prevent complications like blood clots.
Eat well – Nutrition supports faster healing.
Avoid alcohol and smoking – They can interfere with healing.
Keep all follow-up appointments – They’re critical for long-term health.
Conclusion
Cancer surgery is a significant step in your healing journey. While it can be overwhelming, knowing what to expect before, during, and after surgery helps you feel more in control. With the right support and medical care, many patients recover well and return to their regular lives. Always stay in touch with your healthcare team and never hesitate to reach out with concerns.
Lt Col (Dr) Rahul Sandhu is a dedicated and highly skilled Surgical Oncologist with over 15 years of experience in clinical surgery, trauma care, and military medicine….
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